Topology optimization in lightweight design of a 3D-printed flapping-wing micro aerial vehicle

Topology optimization is an effective method to obtain a lightweight structure that meets the requirements of structural strength. Whether the optimization results meet the actual needs mainly depends on the accuracy of the material properties and the boundary conditions, especially for a tiny Flapping-wing Micro Aerial Vehicle (FMAV) transmission system manufactured by 3D printing. In this paper, experimental and numerical computation efforts were undertaken to gain a reliable topology optimization method for the bottom of the transmission system. First, the constitutive behavior of the ultraviolet (UV) curable resin used in fabrication was evaluated. Second, a numerical computation model describing further verified via experiments. Topology optimization modeling considering nonlinear factors, e.g. contact, friction and collision, was presented, and the optimization results were verified by both dynamic simulation and experiments. Finally, detailed discussions on different load cases and constraints were presented to clarify their effect on the optimization. Our methods and results presented in this paper may shed light on the lightweight design of a FMAV.     

单向电永磁作动器结构优化与动态特性分析

针对电磁作动器的使用要求，设计出一种具有能耗低、吸力大及响应快等特点的新型单向电永磁作动器。结合有限元仿真软件，利用有限元法研究作动器的结构参数如铁芯齿形结构、平面结构、无永磁结构、铁芯的倾斜角度及衔铁位移（气隙厚度）等因素对作动器电磁吸力和响应速度的影响。结果表明，电磁吸力随着作动衔铁位移的增加而大幅度减小；倾角结构的铁芯设计能使作动器性能达到最佳，且铁芯的倾斜角度为50°时，电磁吸力有最大值3071N。     

污水处理装置在冶金行业中的应用

对污水处理装置的技术参数、技术要求及设计方案的选择、工作原理做了进一步的阐述。对工业循环冷却水的处理有实际指导意义。     

新建他激反激变换器方程及其解析解

引用文 [1 ]的思路 ,寻找他激反激变换器的运行状态特征参量 (磁通密度增量、剩余磁通密度和占空比 )与构成这一变换器的基本物理参量之间的函数关系。首先阐明由于频率给定 ,他激反激变换器稳态运行时会出现无剩磁工况和有剩磁工况两种。而后确定这两种工况下 ,磁路等效储能空间单位体积每个周期的传输能量 (命名为“磁能传输密度”)。在这基础上 ,分别建立和解出他激反激变换器在不同工况下稳定运行时应满足的方程。最后根据所得的解析解阐明这种变换器的特性。本文和文 [1 ],以磁路分析为基础建立了一种新的反激变换器理论。     

Investigation of the differential rotation of the large-scale magnetic elements for the solar activity cycles 20 and 21

The differential rotation of the patterns of the large-scale solar magnetic field during solar activity cycles 20 and 21 is investigated. Compact magnetic elements with the polarity of the general solar magnetic field have larger speed of rotation than the elements with the opposite polarity. The surface of the Sun was divided by 10°-zones. In all of them the average rotation rate of the magnetic elements with negative polarity is little higher than that of the magnetic elements with positive polarity, except for 50°-zone of the south hemisphere and at the 10° latitude of the north hemisphere.

The rates of differential rotation for large-scale magnetic elements with negative and positive polarities have similar behavior for both cycles of the solar activity.

The rotation rate varies at polarity reversal of the circumpolar magnetic fields. For the cycle No 20 in 1969–1970 the threefold reversal took place in the northern hemisphere and variations of rotation rate can be noticed for magnetic elements both with positive and negative polarity for each 10°-zone in the same hemisphere.     

Reconstructed 3-d magnetic field structure and hard X-ray two ribbons for 2000 Bastille-day event

The Bastille-day event in 2000 produced energetic 3B/X5.6 flare with a halo CME, which had great geo-effects consequently. This event has been studied extensively and it is considered that it follows the two-ribbon flare model. The flare/CME event was triggered by an erupting filament and TRACE observations showed formation of giant arcade structures during the flare process. Hard X-ray (HXR) two ribbons revealed for the first time in this flare event (Masuda et al., 2001). The reconstruction of 3-D coronal magnetic fields revealed a magnetic flux rope structure, for the first time, from extrapolation of observed photospheric vector magnetogram data and the flux rope structure was co-spatial with portion of the filament and a UV bright lane (Yan et al., 2001a, 2001b). Here we review some recent work related to the flux rope structure and the HXR two ribbons by comparing their locations and the flux temporal profiles during the flare process so as to understand the energy release and particle accelerations. It is proposed that the rope instability may have triggered the flare event, and reconnection may occur during this process. The drifting pulsation structure in the decimetric frequency range is considered to manifest the rope ejection, or the initial phase of the coronal mass ejection. The HXR two ribbons were distributed along the flux rope and the rope foot points coincide with HXR sources. The energy dissipation from IPS observations occurred within about 100 R _⋅ is consistent with the estimate for the flux rope system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一个简单有效的磁记录纠错系统

介绍一种简单有效的纠错编码方法 ,用于资源卫星高密度数字磁记录器 ,使误码率由 10 -6降低到 10 -11,同时介绍它的基本工作原理、实现方案及试验结果。     

显微PIV系统与实现

显微PIV系统可用于流体微观层次以及微流体流动的测量,可获得流体速度的场信息以及其中颗粒的场信息。本文主要介绍显微PIV系统所涉及的显微图像获取技术以及图像处理算法。该系统由硬件与相应软件系统组成。其中,硬件主要包括放大倍数为1000倍的光学显微镜以及最大拍摄速度为10000帧/秒的高速摄像系统;IMPACT软件为自行开发的基于C++系统的面向对象程序,其中内嵌多种数据处理与分析算法。通过对尺寸为1μm颗粒运动的测量,对不同数据处理算法进行了检验,结果表明:建立的显微PIV系统可有效获得微观流体流动的图像并可准确进行数据的处理,该系统完全可用于微观流体流动的测量。     

电励磁双凸极电机调速系统的原理与实现

介绍了新型电励磁双凸极电机的结构和原理，然后结合全桥变换器阐述了电励磁双凸极电机的控制方法，接着详细介绍了电励磁双凸极电机转速、电流双闭环控制调速系统的原理和实现方法，最后以一台500W12/8极电励磁双凸极电机调速系统为例进行了系统实验。实验结果表明，电励磁双凸极电机调速系统具有结构简单、控制方便和良好的动静态性能。     

微型仿生扑翼飞行器的尺度效应分析

微型仿生扑翼飞行器是一种新概念的微型飞行器。但它不是对传统飞行器的简单几何缩小,当其特征尺度缩小到一定尺度时,系统内各种因素的相对影响将产生质的变化。针对微型仿生扑翼飞行器的机械扑翼系统,包括微驱动器、仿生翅、运动系统和动力源等,本文进行了尺度效应分析。分析结果表明,当尺寸减小时,仿生飞行更容易实现:通过共振能实现高频运动,微静电、电磁和压电驱动器都能满足扑翼系统功率需求。这为设计和研制微型仿生扑翼飞行器提供了理论依据。